increase cellular glutathione Glutathione: Master Antioxidant, Reducing Oxidative Stress, and Detoxification Glutathione (GSH), a powerful intracellular

Ortega-Villasante et al., 2007

Down regulating of the expression -catenin by siRNA caused the decreased expression of these definitive endoderm specific transcription factors in hASCs after treatment with Wnt3a, Chir98014, or Chir99021

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02132.x

Elyada, E

Hohng, S

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 MAPK, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK1/2), has been shown to play a significant role in the mediation of signals triggered by cytokines, growth factors, and environmental stress and is involved in various cellular functions [9, 10]