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Brain cells derived from Alzheimers disease patients have multiple specific innate abnormalities in energy metabolism

Mol Reprod Dev 42:415424

Thus, in addition to protecting itself from the microbicidal molecules of macrophages, Leishmania also prevents other cell types from entering the fray by interfering with antigen presentation and cytokine production - mediators responsible for intercellular communication ( Figure 2 ) (52)

172 TakahashiH.WatanabeH

Selenium deficiency in the host can lead to reduced expression of selenoproteins [114], which increases the concentration of reactive oxygen species in the intestinal lumen and within the intestinal epithelium [115]

Compliant blood vessels absorb the pulse of each heartbeat more smoothly, reducing the pressure peaks that stress arterial walls over time