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10.1016/0306-4522(95)00535-8 Neuroscience 47 HasselB.IversenE

He noticed that many patients who weren't responding to traditional oral supplementation began showing remarkable improvements when nutrients were delivered directly into their bloodstream

Thakur, K

Its compatibility with biological systems, ability to decompose, and lack of immune response make it perfect for biomedical uses such as delivering drugs [4]

Its core mechanism is actin sequestration: it binds G-actin monomers, blocking polymerisation, which is exactly the condition cells need to migrate, contract wounds, and build new vessels

This PD-L1 upregulation suppresses perivascular T cell activity, impairing their ability to clear pathological signals and enabling ferroptotic mediators to accumulate and disseminate across the BBB (Kim et al., 2024)