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Post-mortem studies also revealed increased Cx43 protein levels in astrocytes surrounding -amyloid plaques 494 , although, paradoxically, levels of Gja1 (encoding Cx43) mRNA were decreased 492 , suggesting post-transcriptional dysregulation

Damage to axons is mediated by the following: (1) failure in mitochondrial energy metabolism due to inhibition of the respiratory chain by nitric oxide, which in turn causes a decrease in Na + /K + ATPase activity and alters Na + dependent glutamate transporters, (2) overexpression of glutamate receptors, (3) oligodendroglial excitotoxicity, (4) massive influx of extracellular Ca ++ , (5) activation of proteases, and (6) impaired axonal transport

[DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004655.pub2] [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

*Correspondence: Zhigang Li, [email protected] These authors have contributed equally to this work ORCID ID: Zhigang Li, orcid.org/0009-0001-0254-8155 Disclaimer All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers