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1 Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of endocrine and metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia, and its incidence has been steadily increasing ( Figure 1 )

Schmacht M, Lorenz E, Stahl U, Senz M (2017b) Medium optimization based on yeasts elemental composition for glutathione production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In a mouse model of MS, UA can penetrate the compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB), block ONOO -mediated tyrosine nitration, and contribute to the containment of the central nerve system (CNS) pathology [44]

GSH in fact is both a nucleophile and a reductant, and therefore can react with electrophilic or oxidizing species rendering the former molecules more soluble and excretable, and the latter unable to interact with more critical cellular constituents such as lipids, nucleic acids and proteins

Polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine prevents stricture formation in a rat model of colitis

Critically, to bridge the gap to real-world effects, the system would also incorporate a dynamic tier for in vivo evidence, distinguishing between effects validated in animal models versus human trials and noting known bioavailability limitations