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Animal research conducted by Philip Morris demonstrated a synergistic interaction between nicotine and acetaldehyde: rats pressed a bar more for the combination than for either substance alone.33 , 34 If these data generalize to humans, then smokers would puff more with the combination of nicotine and acetaldehyde

Retrieved 31 January 2014

As the FDA has acknowledged, African Americans suffer disproportionately from being addicted to cigarettes and the effects of long-term tobacco use

migraine attacks become unusual in terms of their frequency, intensity or associated symptoms

Cross-reactivity with secondhand smoke: Although the assay is very sensitive, non-smokers may have detectable levels of cotinine if they are exposed to high concentrations of secondhand smoke

48.Mitigant technical review