cigarette dependence scale Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine (FTND Median standardized and interquartile range

This can strain the cardiovascular system, increasing the risk of heart disease

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Sobel, J

The big thing [about nicotine] is the addiction. Nicotine is a potent drug its the one chemical that keeps smokers inhaling all the rest

A possible association has already been described in the literature (1, 36) and may be due to differing smoking habits in different cultures

(See ArtScrolls Esther Rabbah ad loc., footnote 28 and Insights A, for further elaboration.) [For a wonderful treatment of this topic and on addiction in general, see the various writings of Rabbi Shais Taub and Judaism and Psychology by Moshe Halevi Spero, Ktav Publishing, Yeshiva University Press, 1980, pages 120-141.] For those who are smokers, let me end with the following