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Long arginine 3-IGF-1, abbreviated as IGF-1 LR3 or LR3-IGF-1, is a synthetic protein and lengthened analogue of human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).[1][2] It differs from native IGF-1 in that it possesses an arginine instead of a glutamic acid at the third position in its amino acid sequence (arginine 3), and also has an additional 13 amino acids at its N-terminus (MFPAMPLLSLFVN) (long), for a total of 83 amino acids (relative to the 70 of IGF-1).[2] The consequences of these modifications are that IGF-1 LR3 retains the pharmacological activity of IGF-1 as an agonist of the IGF-1 receptor, has very low affinity for the insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and has improved metabolic stability.[1][2] As a result, it is approximately three times more potent than IGF-1,[3] and possesses a significantly longer half-life of about 2030 hours (relative to IGF-1s half-life of about 1215 hours).[4] IGF-1 LR3 Peptide is under active investigation in a number of cell culture and animal models

SOX12 promotes serine synthesis and tumor progression in endometrial cancer

3 ChenyuZ.MiaoZ.BingweiW.ZhijieS.BingbingG.LihuaQ.et al

Carapax Trionycis extracts inhibit fibrogenesis of activated hepatic stellate cells via TGF-1/Smad and NFB signaling

doi: 10.1007/s00217-016-2643-y

PMID: 23259598 Bassi MT, Gasol E, Manzoni M, Pineda M, Riboni M, Martin R, Zorzano A, Borsani G, Palacin M (2001) Identification and characterisation of human xCT that co-expresses, with 4 F2 heavy chain, the amino acid transport activity system x c